Confusion and Diffusion

Confusion is a principle that deals with concealing the plaintext characters in cryptosystems. And it is mainly achieved by substitution technique. It helps to complicate the relationship between the plaintext and the key so that the attacker cannot analyze the plaintext and the ciphertexts. Whereas diffusion is a principle that focuses on the act of spreading the effect of a change in the plaintext throughout much of the ciphertext. Moreover, transposition is the right algorithm to diffuse even minor changes along a wide spectrum of the ciphertext.